By far the most common kind of high blood pressure is essential hypertension. It is defined as high blood pressure for which there is no discernible cause. It accounts for 90-95% of all diagnosed cases. It is diagnosed when both the systolic and diastolic readings are above the normal range (140/90 is considered essential hypertension). It cannot be cured, so it remains a lifetime problem; but it can be treated. Those struck by this disease will be required to take medication daily.
Secondary hypertension only affects 5-10% of all those who have been diagnosed with the disease. It is high blood pressure that is being caused by another medical condition. Some conditions that can cause it are kidney problems, adrenal gland tumors, thyroid disease, and narrowing of the aorta. Some drugs (both legal and illegal) can also raise blood pressure, as can obesity.
Isolated systolic hypertension is another type in which the systolic (top number) pressure is above 140, but the diastolic (lower number) is normal. It hasn’t always been the case, but now doctors know that high systolic pressure is as important as high diastolic pressure — and even more important in people older than age 50. Isolated systolic hypertension can lead to serious health problems like stroke, heart disease, chronic kidney disease, and dementia. It should be treated in the same way as essential hypertension.
Isolated diastolic hypertension is a type of high blood pressure in which the diastolic (lower number) pressure is above 90 but the systolic (upper number) pressure is below 140. In younger people (under 50), an elevated diastolic pressure is cause for concern, but in older people it is of far less concern. In older people, the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures are more important then either of the readings alone.
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